11. What were the major initiatives in the agricultural sector during this period to enhance productivity and rural development?
- Answer: Initiatives like the Community Development Program, Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), and land reforms aimed to improve agricultural practices and the well-being of rural communities.
12. How did the nationalization of key industries, such as coal, steel, and airlines, impact the Indian economy and industrial growth?
- Answer: Nationalization aimed to ensure public ownership and control over strategic industries but also led to challenges like inefficiencies and bureaucracy.
13. What role did foreign aid and assistance play in India's economic development during this period?
- Answer: Foreign aid, including assistance from countries like the United States and the Soviet Union, played a significant role in financing infrastructure projects and industrial development.
14. What were the major challenges and successes in achieving self-sufficiency in food production during this period?
- Answer: Challenges included distribution inefficiencies and regional disparities, while successes included the adoption of high-yielding crop varieties.
15. How did India's economic policies affect foreign trade and the balance of payments during this era?
- Answer: India's import substitution policies led to limited foreign trade, and the country faced challenges in managing its balance of payments.
16. What was the significance of the License Raj in India's economic landscape, and how did it impact entrepreneurship and business growth?
- Answer: The License Raj involved a complex system of permits and regulations that stifled entrepreneurship and hindered the growth of private businesses.
17. How did the public distribution system (PDS) work during this period, and what was its role in food security and poverty alleviation?
- Answer: The PDS aimed to distribute essential commodities to the poor at subsidized prices, but it faced issues related to leakages and inefficiencies.
18. What were the economic consequences of the 1975-1977 Emergency period in India, including changes in economic policies and their impact?
- Answer: The Emergency period led to centralization of power, economic reforms, and a focus on stability, but also faced criticism for curtailing civil liberties.
19. What were the key drivers of economic growth during this period, and how did they vary across different states in India?
- Answer: Factors like industrialization, agricultural productivity improvements, and public sector investments drove economic growth, though it varied regionally.
20. How did India's economic relations with neighboring countries, such as Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, evolve during this period?
- Answer: Economic relations with neighboring countries were influenced by geopolitical factors and bilateral agreements, impacting trade and cooperation.
Comments
Post a Comment