Class 12th Economics (Points included and not Included in estimation of National Income )

**Included in National Income:**

1. **Money You Earn:** Your salary, wages, and bonuses.

2. **Business Profits:** Money companies make.

3. **Rental Income:** Money from renting property.

4. **Interest and Dividends:** Money from savings and investments.

5. **Some Government Payments:** Certain government benefits that add to people's income.

6. **Taxes (Subtracted):** Money taken out as taxes, but some types might be added if they're part of product prices.

**Not Included in National Income:**

1. **Government Aid (like Welfare):** Money from the government that's just help, not income.

2. **Reselling Used Stuff:** Money from selling secondhand items.

3. **Buying or Selling Stocks and Bonds:** Just trading financial stuff.

4. **Illegal Money:** Money from illegal activities.

5. **Chores and DIY Work:** Things you do at home for free.

6. **Homemade Stuff:** Things you make at home for yourself.

7. **Replacing Worn-Out Stuff (Subtracted):** Money used to fix or replace old stuff is taken away from income.

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